21 research outputs found
Specifying and analysing reputation systems with coordination languages
Reputation systems are nowadays widely used to support decision making in networked systems. Parties in such systems rate each other and use shared ratings to compute reputation scores that drive their interactions. The existence of reputation systems with remarkable differences calls for formal approaches to their analysis. We present a verification methodology for reputation systems that is based on the use of the coordination language Klaim and related analysis tools. First, we define a parametric Klaim specification of a reputation system that can be instantiated with different reputation models. Then, we consider stochastic specification obtained by considering actions with random (exponentially distributed) duration. The resulting specification enables quantitative analysis of properties of the considered system. Feasibility and effectiveness of our proposal is demonstrated by reporting on the analysis of two reputation models
Multi-GPU aggregation-based AMG preconditioner for iterative linear solvers
We present and release in open source format a sparse linear solver which
efficiently exploits heterogeneous parallel computers. The solver can be easily
integrated into scientific applications that need to solve large and sparse
linear systems on modern parallel computers made of hybrid nodes hosting NVIDIA
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) accelerators.
The work extends our previous efforts in the exploitation of a single GPU
accelerator and proposes an implementation, based on the hybrid MPI-CUDA
software environment, of a Krylov-type linear solver relying on an efficient
Algebraic MultiGrid (AMG) preconditioner already available in the BootCMatchG
library. Our design for the hybrid implementation has been driven by the best
practices for minimizing data communication overhead when multiple GPUs are
employed, yet preserving the efficiency of the single GPU kernels. Strong and
weak scalability results on well-known benchmark test cases of the new version
of the library are discussed. Comparisons with the Nvidia AmgX solution show an
improvement of up to 2.0x in the solve phase
Reputation-based Cooperation in the Clouds
The popularity of the cloud computing paradigm is opening new opportunities for collaborative computing. In this paper we tackle a fundamental problem in open-ended cloud-based distributed comput- ing platforms, i.e., the quest for potential collaborators. We assume that cloud participants are willing to share their computational resources for shared distributed computing problems, but they are not willing to dis- closure the details of their resources. Lacking such information, we advo- cate to rely on reputation scores obtained by evaluating the interactions among participants. More specifically, we propose a methodology to as- sess, at design time, the impact of different (reputation-based) collabo- rator selection strategies on the system performance. The evaluation is performed through statistical analysis on a volunteer cloud simulator
Onion under Microscope: An in-depth analysis of the Tor network
Tor is an anonymity network that allows offering and accessing various kinds
of resources, known as hidden services, while guaranteeing sender and receiver
anonymity. The Tor web is the set of web resources that exist on the Tor
network, and Tor websites are part of the so-called dark web. Recent research
works have evaluated Tor security, evolution over time, and thematic
organization. Nevertheless, few information are available about the structure
of the graph defined by the network of Tor websites. The limited number of Tor
entry points that can be used to crawl the network renders the study of this
graph far from being simple. In this paper we aim at better characterizing the
Tor Web by analyzing three crawling datasets collected over a five-month time
frame. On the one hand, we extensively study the global properties of the Tor
Web, considering two different graph representations and verifying the impact
of Tor's renowned volatility. We present an in depth investigation of the key
features of the Tor Web graph showing what makes it different from the surface
Web graph. On the other hand, we assess the relationship between contents and
structural features. We analyse the local properties of the Tor Web to better
characterize the role different services play in the network and to understand
to which extent topological features are related to the contents of a service
Inferring urban social networks from publicly available data
The emergence of social networks and the definition of suitable generative
models for synthetic yet realistic social graphs are widely studied problems in
the literature. By not being tied to any real data, random graph models cannot
capture all the subtleties of real networks and are inadequate for many
practical contexts -- including areas of research, such as computational
epidemiology, which are recently high on the agenda. At the same time, the
so-called contact networks describe interactions, rather than relationships,
and are strongly dependent on the application and on the size and quality of
the sample data used to infer them. To fill the gap between these two
approaches, we present a data-driven model for urban social networks,
implemented and released as open source software. Given a territory of
interest, and only based on widely available aggregated demographic and
social-mixing data, we construct an age-stratified and geo-referenced synthetic
population whose individuals are connected by "strong ties" of two types:
intra-household (e.g., kinship) or friendship. While household links are
entirely data-driven, we propose a parametric probabilistic model for
friendship, based on the assumption that distances and age differences play a
role, and that not all individuals are equally sociable. The demographic and
geographic factors governing the structure of the obtained network, under
different configurations, are thoroughly studied through extensive simulations
focused on three Italian cities of different size
Reputation-based composition of social web services
Social Web Services (SWSs) constitute a novel paradigm of service-oriented computing, where Web services, just like humans, sign up in social networks that guarantee, e.g., better service discovery for users and faster replacement in case of service failures. In past work, composition of SWSs was mainly supported by specialised social networks of competitor services and cooperating ones. In this work, we continue this line of research, by proposing a novel SWSs composition procedure driven by the SWSs reputation. Making use of a well-known formal language and associated tools, we specify the composition steps and we prove that such reputation-driven approach assures better results in terms of the overall quality of service of the compositions, with respect to randomly selecting SWSs. © 2014 IEEE
On the analysis and evaluation of trust and reputation systems
In recent years, we have witnessed an increasing use of trust and reputation systems in different areas of ICT. The idea at the base of trust and reputation systems is of letting users to rate the provided services after each interaction. Other users may use aggregate ratings to compute reputation scores for a given party. The computed reputation scores are a collective measure of parties trustworthiness and are used to drive parties interactions.
Due to the widespread use of reputation systems, research
work on them is intensifying and several models have been
proposed. This calls for a methodology for the analysis and
the evaluation of trust and reputation systems that can help
researcher and developers in studying, designing and implementing such systems. In this thesis we propose different kinds of theoretical results and software tools that could be useful means for researchers and developers in area of trust and reputation systems.
Our work addresses the three main stages of trust and reputation systems development, namely study, design and implementation. We provide: 1) a general framework based
on Bayesian decision theory for the assessment of trust and
reputation models, 2) an analysis methodology for reputation
systems based on a coordination language, 3) a software tool
for network-aware evaluation of reputation systems and their
rapid prototyping
Characterizing networks of propaganda on twitter: a case study
Abstract The daily exposure of social media users to propaganda and disinformation campaigns has reinvigorated the need to investigate the local and global patterns of diffusion of different (mis)information content on social media. Echo chambers and influencers are often deemed responsible of both the polarization of users in online social networks and the success of propaganda and disinformation campaigns. This article adopts a data-driven approach to investigate the structuration of communities and propaganda networks on Twitter in order to assess the correctness of these imputations. In particular, the work aims at characterizing networks of propaganda extracted from a Twitter dataset by combining the information gained by three different classification approaches, focused respectively on (i) using Tweets content to infer the “polarization” of users around a specific topic, (ii) identifying users having an active role in the diffusion of different propaganda and disinformation items, and (iii) analyzing social ties to identify topological clusters and users playing a “central” role in the network. The work identifies highly partisan community structures along political alignments; furthermore, centrality metrics proved to be very informative to detect the most active users in the network and to distinguish users playing different roles; finally, polarization and clustering structure of the retweet graphs provided useful insights about relevant properties of users exposure, interactions, and participation to different propaganda items.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Metodi di studio ed ottimizzazione utili nel processo ceramico. La previsione del ritiro ceramico ed applicazioni in campo industriale
E' stata mostrata la possibilit\ue0 di raggiungere rapidamente l'ottimizzazione di formulazioni d'impasti con evidenti vantaggi economici e qualitativi. I metodi proposti sono quelli della regressione lineare a pi\uf9 variabili e dell'approccio neurale. Entrambe consentono di ottenere un modello matematico col quale simulare virtualmente il comportamento del sistema in diverse condizioni. Quest'ultimo viene ottenuto utilizzando i dati storici presenti in azienda oppure da dati sperimentali. Nell'intervento \ue8 stata mostrato un esempio applicato agli impasti: \uec modelli sono stati costruiti sui dati di ritiro in relazione alla composizione, espressa comepercentuale delle singole materie prime, e alla temperatura massima di cottura. I modelli sono stati testati con venti formulazioni di prova mostrando una ottima capacit\ue0 predittiva. La disponibilit\ue0 di softwares in grado d\uec eseguire i calcoli necessari e la ridotta richiesta di conoscenze matematiche rende le due metodologie di facile e rapida introduzione in ambito industriale.Based on the linear regression with variables and artificial neural network, a math. model was developed enabling the simulation of the system behavior under different conditions. Existing historical data or through test results were employed in obtaining the model. As an example, the capability of the model to predict the shrinkage in processing of ceramic materials, i.e. between the dried state and after heat treatment cycles, was shown, the compn. expressed as raw materials percentage, and max. firing temp. being taken into account. The models were tested with twenty different formulas and showed excellent predictive capacity. The availability of software packages that could perform all necessary calcns. and the little math. knowledge enabled the easy and rapid introduction of the developed model in industrial processes